This episode explains 18 instances of development in the history of Modern Interntional Law.
1. 1815 – Congress of Vienna – Series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss a new European order post the downfall of Napoleon that led to agreements on national boundaries within Europe, Neutrality Pacts, freedom of navigation.
2. 1823 – Monroe Doctrine by James Monroe, then President of US - Any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US.
3. 1824 – Calvo Doctrine – Jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the country in which the investment is located. (Carlos Calvo, Argentine Jurist). Used mostly in International Investment Law.
4. 1842 – Treaty of Nanking – Ended the First Opium War between Britain and Qing Dynasty – Its provisions involved cession of Hong Kong to the crown. Was considered an unequal treaty.
5. 1864 – First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field.
6. 1865 – Establishment of International Telegraph Union to deal with international interconnection, standardization of equipment, tariffs etc.
7. 1871 – Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty – Mutual pledge for friendship and cooperation, exchange of ambassadors, trade related provisions.
8. 1899 – First Hague Peace Conference – Establishment of Permanent Court of Arbitration.
9. 1914-1918 – First World War
10. 1919 – Treaty of Versailles – Disarmament of Germany, payment of reparations by Germany, territorial concessions etc.
11. 1920 – Paris Peace Conference – Establishment of League of Nations – a worldwide intergovernmental organization to maintain world peace.
12. 1920 - Establishment of Permanent Court of International Justice.
13. 1923 - Establishment of the Hague Academy of International Law
14. 1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact – International Agreement on peace – was aimed at preventing the second world war.
15. 1939-1945 – Second World War
16. 26.06.1945 – Signing of Charter of United Nations
17. 18.04.1946 – Replacement of Permanent Court of International Justice by International Court of Justice.
18. 10.12.1948 – Adoption of Universal Declaration of Human Rights by UN GA.